1. ITichetta
" quello che segue vorrebbe essere la reinvenzione dell'acqua calda; un tentativo, cioè di inutile miglioramento di qualcosa già esistente: riscrivere la [NETIQUETTE]. Non da capo, ovviamente! :-) ma adattandola ai tempi correnti. Propongo l'esempio più banale: correggendo l'indicazione sull'uso delle lettere accentate (MUST ormai superato)." Inserisco quindi il testo originale della RFC1855. L'ipotesi di lavoro è la seguente: - ovvia traduzione in lingua Italiana; - depurazione dagli aspetti che non riguardano Usenet; - aggiornamento alle prescrizioni tecnicamente valide oggigiorno. ---- Inizio dalla "depurazione " -- CarloFusco
1.0 Introduction
---- Nota, l'introduzione mi piace, ma andrebbe anche emendata. Come facciamo, plagiamo spudoratamente o separiamo le cose? -- CarloFusco
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In the past, the population of people using the Internet had "grown up" with the Internet, were technically minded, and understood the nature of the transport and the protocols. Today, the community of Internet users includes people who are new to the environment. These "Newbies" are unfamiliar with the culture and don't need to know about transport and protocols. In order to bring these new users into the Internet culture quickly, this Guide offers a minimum set of behaviors which organizations and individuals may take and adapt for their own use. Individuals should be aware that no matter who supplies their Internet access, be it an Internet Service Provider through a private account, or a student account at a University, or
an account through a corporation, that those organizations have regulations about ownership of mail and files, about what is proper to post or send, and how to present yourself. Be sure to check with the local authority for specific guidelines.
We've organized this material into three sections: One-to-one communication, which includes mail and talk; One-to-many communications, which includes mailing lists and ?NetNews; and Information Services, which includes ftp, WWW, Wais, Gopher, MUDs and MOOs. Finally, we have a Selected Bibliography, which may be used for reference.
2.0 One-to-One Communication (electronic mail, talk)
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We define one-to-one communications as those in which a person is communicating with another person as if face-to-face: a dialog. In general, rules of common courtesy for interaction with people should be in force for any situation and on the Internet it's doubly important where, for example, body language and tone of voice must be inferred. For more information on Netiquette for communicating via electronic mail and talk, check references [1,23,25,27] in the Selected Bibliography.
2.1 User Guidelines
2.1.1 For mail:
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- Unless you have your own Internet access through an Internet
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provider, be sure to check with your employer about ownership of electronic mail. Laws about the ownership of electronic mail vary from place to place.
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you should assume that mail on the Internet is not secure. Never put in a mail message anything you would not put on a postcard.
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every country has copyright laws.
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not change the wording. If the message was a personal message to you and you are re-posting to a group, you should ask permission first. You may shorten the message and quote only relevant parts, but be sure you give proper attribution.
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are forbidden on the Internet. Your network privileges will be revoked. Notify your local system administrator
if your ever receive one.
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liberal in what you receive. You should not send heated messages (we call these "flames") even if you are provoked. On the other hand, you shouldn't be surprised if you get flamed and it's prudent not to respond to flames.
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subjects before responding to a message. Sometimes a person who asks you for help (or clarification) will send another message which effectively says "Never Mind". Also make sure that any message you respond to was directed to you. You might be cc:ed rather than the primary recipient.
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information which includes your return address. In order to ensure that people know who you are, be sure to include a line or two at the end of your message with contact information. You can create this file ahead of time and add it to the end of your messages. (Some mailers do this automatically.) In Internet parlance, this is known as a ".sig" or "signature" file. Your .sig file takes the place of your business card. (And you can have more than one to apply in different circumstances.)
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may go to a group but the address looks like it is just one person. Know to whom you are sending.
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people if the messages have become a 2-way conversation.
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to answer general questions about the Internet and its workings. Don't send unsolicited mail asking for information to people whose names you might have seen in RFCs or on mailing lists.
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the globe. If you send a message to which you want an immediate response, the person receiving it might be at home asleep when it arrives. Give them a chance to wake up, come to work, and login before assuming the mail didn't arrive or that they don't care.
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It's also a good practice to include the word "Long" in the subject header so the recipient knows the message will take time to read and respond to. Over 100 lines is considered "long".
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close at hand. Check locally for people who can help you with software and system problems. Also, know whom to go to if you receive anything questionable or illegal. Most sites also have "Postmaster" aliased to a knowledgeable user, so you can send mail to this address to get help with mail.
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language, and humor have different points of reference from your own. Remember that date formats, measurements, and idioms may not travel well. Be especially careful with sarcasm.
- Use symbols for emphasis. That *is* what I meant. Use
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underscores for underlining. _War and Peace_ is my favorite book.
is an example of a smiley (Look sideways). Don't assume that the inclusion of a smiley will make the recipient happy with what you say or wipe out an otherwise insulting comment.
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have really strong feelings about a subject, indicate it via FLAME ON/OFF enclosures. For example: FLAME ON: This type of argument is not worth the bandwidth
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it takes to send it. It's illogical and poorly reasoned. The rest of the world agrees with me.
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messages unless they are MIME attachments or unless your mailer encodes these. If you send encoded messages make sure the recipient can decode them.
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include enough original material to be understood but no more. It is extremely bad form to simply reply to a message by including all the previous message: edit out all the irrelevant material.
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with a carriage return.
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the content of the message.
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is no longer than 4 lines. Remember that many people pay for connectivity by the minute, and the longer your message is, the more they pay.
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(today) subject to forgery and spoofing of various degrees of detectability. Apply common sense "reality checks" before assuming a message is valid.
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reply briefly to an e-mail message to let the sender know you got it, even if you will send a longer reply later.
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relationship to a person and the context of the communication. Norms learned in a particular e-mail environment may not apply in general to your e-mail communication with people across the Internet. Be careful with slang or local acronyms.
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about equally by the sender and the recipient (or their organizations). This is unlike other media such as physical mail, telephone, TV, or radio. Sending someone mail may also cost them in other specific ways like network bandwidth, disk space or CPU usage. This is a fundamental economic reason why unsolicited e-mail advertising is unwelcome (and is forbidden in many contexts).
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such as Postscript files or programs may make your message so large that it cannot be delivered or at least consumes excessive resources. A good rule of thumb would be not to send a file larger than 50 Kilobytes. Consider file transfer as an alternative, or cutting the file into smaller chunks and sending each as a separate message.
- If your mail system allows you to forward mail, beware the dreaded
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forwarding loop. Be sure you haven't set up forwarding on several hosts so that a message sent to you gets into an endless loop from one computer to the next to the next.
2.1.2 For talk:
---- Questa la rimuovo perché non attinente -- CarloFusco
3.0 One-to-Many Communication (Mailing Lists, ?NetNews)
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Any time you engage in One-to-Many communications, all the rules for mail should also apply. After all, communicating with many people via one mail message or post is quite analogous to communicating with one person with the exception of possibly offending a great many more people than in one-to-one communication. Therefore, it's quite important to know as much as you can about the audience of your message.
3.1 User Guidelines
3.1.1 General Guidelines for mailing lists and ?NetNews
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- Read both mailing lists and newsgroups for one to two months before
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you post anything. This helps you to get an understanding of the culture of the group.
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system users.
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That may include your present or your next boss. Take care in what you write. Remember too, that mailing lists and Newsgroups are frequently archived, and that your words may be
stored for a very long time in a place to which many people have access.
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say does not represent their organization (unless stated explicitly).
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attention to any specific rules covering their uses your organization may have.
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wander off-topic, don't ramble and don't send mail or post messages solely to point out other people's errors in typing or spelling. These, more than any other behavior, mark you as an immature beginner.
- Forgeries and spoofing are not approved behavior.
- Advertising is welcomed on some lists and Newsgroups, and abhorred
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on others! This is another example of knowing your audience before you post. Unsolicited advertising which is completely off-topic will most certainly guarantee that you get a lot of hate mail.
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summarize the original at the top of the message, or include just enough text of the original to give a context. This will make sure readers understand when they start to read your response. Since ?NetNews, especially, is proliferated by distributing the postings from one host to another, it is possible to see a response to a message before seeing the original. Giving context helps everyone. But do not include the entire original!
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message. This will guarantee that any peculiarities of mailers or newsreaders which strip header information will not delete the only reference in the message of how people may reach you.
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replies are sent back to the address which originated the post - which in many cases is the address of a list or group! You may accidentally send a personal response to a great many people, embarrassing all involved. It's best to type in the address instead of relying on "reply."
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are neither totally standardized nor totally reliable across the range of systems connected to Internet mail. They are invasive when sent to mailing lists, and some people consider delivery receipts an invasion of privacy. In short, do not use them.
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- If you find a personal message has gone to a list or group, send
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an apology to the person and to the group.
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make your responses to each other via mail rather than continue to send messages to the list or the group. If you are debating a point on which the group might have some interest, you may summarize for them later.
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to incendiary material.
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gratuitous replies to replies.
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display differently on different systems, and with different mailers on the same system.
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of wide varieties of interests. These represent a diversity of lifestyles, religions, and cultures. Posting articles or sending messages to a group whose point of view is offensive to you simply to tell them they are offensive is not acceptable. Sexually and racially harassing messages may also have legal implications. There is software available to filter items you might find objectionable.
3.1.2 Mailing List Guidelines
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There are several ways to find information about what mailing lists exist on the Internet and how to join them. Make sure you understand your organization's policy about joining these lists and posting to them. In general it is always better to check local resources first before trying to find information via the Internet. Nevertheless, there are a set of files posted periodically to news.answers which list the Internet mailing lists and how to subscribe to them. This is an invaluable resource for finding lists on any topic. See also references [9,13,15] in the Selected Bibliography.
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- Send subscribe and unsubscribe messages to the appropriate
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address. Although some mailing list software is smart enough
to catch these, not all can ferret these out. It is your responsibility to learn how the lists work, and to send the correct mail to the correct place. Although many many mailing lists adhere to the convention of having a "-request" alias for sending subscribe and unsubscribe messages, not all do. Be sure you know the conventions used by the lists to which you subscribe.
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usually tell you how to unsubscribe as well.
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sent them. Even your system administrator will not be able to get a message back once you have sent it. This means you must make sure you really want the message to go as you have written it.
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communication, but quite annoying when sent to entire mailing lists. Examine "Reply-To" addresses when replying to messages from lists. Most auto-replys will go to all members of the list.
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Resource Locators (URLs) or pointers to ftp-able versions will do. If you want to send it as multiple files, be sure to follow the culture of the group. If you don't know what that is, ask.
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available) when you cannot check your mail for an extended period.
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if the lists are closely related, apologize for cross-posting.
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truly summarize rather than send a cumulation of the messages you receive.
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uninvited. Do not report mail from these lists to a wider audience.
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issues rather than the personalities involved.
3.1.3 ?NetNews Guidelines
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?NetNews is a globally distributed system which allows people to communicate on topics of specific interest. It is divided into hierarchies, with the major divisions being: sci - science related discussions; comp - computer related discussions; news - for discussions which center around ?NetNews itself; rec - recreational activities; soc - social issues; talk - long-winded never-ending discussions; biz - business related postings; and alt - the alternate hierarchy. Alt is so named because creating an alt group does not go through the same process as creating a group in the other parts of the hierarchy. There are also regional hierarchies, hierarchies which are widely distributed such as Bionet, and your place of business may have its own groups as well. Recently, a "humanities" hierarchy was added, and as time goes on its likely more will be added. For longer discussions on News see references [2,8,22,23] in the Selected Bibliography.
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- In ?NetNews parlance, "Posting" refers to posting a new article
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to a group, or responding to a post someone else has posted. "Cross-Posting" refers to posting a message to more than one group. If you introduce Cross-Posting to a group, or if you direct "Followup-To:" in the header of your posting, warn readers! Readers will usually assume that the message was posted to a specific group and that followups will go to that group. Headers change this behavior.
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before posting replies. Avoid posting "Me Too" messages, where content is limited to agreement with previous posts. Content of a follow-up post should exceed quoted content.
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Remember that News has global distribution and the whole world probably is NOT interested in a personal response. However, don't hesitate to post when something will be of general interest to the Newsgroup participants.
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depend on it. Due to the complex method by which News is delivered, Distribution headers are unreliable. But, if you are posting something which will be of interest to a limited number or readers, use a distribution line that attempts to limit the distribution of your article to those people. For example, set the Distribution to be "nj" if you are posting an article that will be of interest only to New Jersey readers.
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Newsgroup, be sure to CROSSPOST the article rather than individually post it to those groups. In general, probably only five-to-six groups will have similar enough interests to warrant this.
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help files) before posting a question. Asking a Newsgroup where answers are readily available elsewhere generates grumpy "RTFM" (read the fine manual - although a more vulgar meaning of the word beginning with "f" is usually implied) messages.
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in general it is considered nothing less than criminal to advertise off-topic products. Sending an advertisement to each and every group will pretty much guarantee your loss of connectivity.
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possible.
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your administrator if you don't know how to cancel your post, or if some other post, such as a chain letter, needs canceling.
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don't assume it's failed and re-post it.
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circumstances would be considered to be in questionable taste. Still, there is no guarantee that all people reading the group will appreciate the material as much as you do. Use the Rotate utility (which rotates all the characters in your post by 13 positions in the alphabet) to avoid giving offense. The Rot13 utility for Unix is an example.
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to mark posts which disclose significant content as "Spoilers". Put this word in your Subject: line. You may add blank lines to the beginning of your post to keep content out of sight, or you may Rotate it.
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yourself from forgeries by using software which generates a manipulation detection "fingerprint", such as PGP (in the US).
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and disliked in others. Material which is inappropriate when posted under one's own name is still inappropriate when posted
anonymously.
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moderated group. The moderator may change your subject line to have your post conform to a particular thread.
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to incendiary material.
3.2 Administrator Guidelines
3.2.1 General Issues
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- Clarify any policies your site has regarding its subscription
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to ?NetNews groups and about subscribing to mailing lists.
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groups or to mailing lists, including use of disclaimers in .sigs.
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kept?)
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open mind.
- Consider how long to archive system logs, and publicize your
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policy on logging.
3.2.2 Mailing Lists
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- Keep mailing lists up to date to avoid the "bouncing mail" problem.
- Help list owners when problems arise.
- Inform list owners of any maintenance windows or planned downtime.
- Be sure to have "-request" aliases for list subscription and
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administration.
3.2.3. ?NetNews
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- Publicize the nature of the feed you receive. If you do not get
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a full feed, people may want to know why not.
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the News Server being blamed for problems in the clients.
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of their own posts or invalid posts, such as chain letters.
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reads the mail.
3.3 Moderator Guidelines
3.3.1 General Guidelines
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- Make sure your Frequestly Asked Questions (FAQ) is posted at
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regular intervals. Include your guidelines for articles/messages. If you are not the FAQ maintainer, make sure they do so.
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subscribe and unsubscribe information.
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regularly.
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messages in a timely fashion. Designate a substitute when you go on vacation or out of town.
4.0 Information Services (Gopher, Wais, WWW, ftp, telnet)
---- anche qui, megasnippone. La bibliografia va anche rifatta. -- CarloFusco
1.1. Introduzione
La "Netiquette" è un insieme di regole, usi e consuetudini, più o meno codificate, adottate da chi utilizza la rete ("net") per comunicare con altre persone in modo educato ("etiquette"). Nei "luoghi telematici" la libertà di espressione è garantita dalle modalità stesse con le quali ci si può esprimere, e ogni regolamento ha il sapore di un obbligo formale che limita questa libertà di espressione. Seguire le regole della netiquette, però, non è una questione formale, ma sostanziale. La comunicazione telematica ha l'immediatezza del colloquio diretto, ma manca di molti aspetti di comunicazione "non-verbale", e bisogna fare ogni sforzo per tentare di rendere il proprio messaggio chiaro e facilmente comprensibile; questo non solo dal punto di vista dei contenuti, ma anche dello stile, che deve garantire la massima chiarezza possibile.
Quasi tutte le regole della netiquette hanno lo scopo di semplificare la comprensione dei messaggi. Non si tratta quindi di rispetto di regole astratte, di aderenza a norme formali a scapito dei contenuti: invece, è proprio per esaltare tali contenuti che è bene cercare di garantire con un po' di sforzo la massima intellegibilità del messaggio. La "fatica" di una persona che scrive è compensata dalla facilità con cui decine o centinaia o migliaia di persone leggeranno; mentre la faciloneria di chi non si sforza di adeguarsi a usi e consuetudini consolidate non merita la fatica delle decine o centinaia o migliaia di persone costrette a cercare di leggerlo. Evitare questo sforzo vi renderà antipatici o ignorati nei gruppi non moderati; e nei gruppi moderati potrebbe impedire la pubblicazione dei vostri messaggi. Vale quindi la pena di impegnarsi un po', e di accrescere la propria "cultura" informatica.
---- Io aggiungerei anche che in Usenet e' necessario farsi capire, ma non e' necessario usare il linguaggio da sms, ovvero il linguaggio frettoloso che cambia il "ch" in "k", che salta molte lettere in modo da rendere lo scritto al limite dell'incomprensibile.Si puo' scrivere con le abbreviazioni ormai codificate dall'uso, che tutti conosciamo, ma non rendiamo i messaggi dei testi crittati. Aggiungerei anche, vista l'invasione di troll su molti news groups,la regola, rivolta ai frequentatori abituali del ng, del non rispondere alle provocazioni, ignorando i crosspost ed evitando di creare dei threads.Questo significherebbe meno OT , sicuramente meno flames e meno maleducazione. ...
1.2. Bibliografia
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RFC 1855 / FYI 28 Documento ufficiale della Internet Society di Sally Hambridge:
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rfc 1855 in italiano di Roberto Villari: http://www.cgil.it/Cesi/internet/netiquette/rfc1855_it.htm
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Un' altra traduzione della RFC 1855 a cura di Carlo Montangero: http://bertola.eu.org/usenet/faq/testi/retichet.htm
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La copia delle netiquette della Registration Autority, da firmare se si registra un dominio: http://www.nic.it/NA/netiquette.txt
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Il libro di Virginia Shea sulla netiquette: http://www.albion.com/netiquette/book/
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La netiquette di Arlene H. Rinaldi: http://www.fau.edu/netiquette/net/
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La traduzione in italiano della netiquette della Rinaldi di Davide Migliavacca: http://www.efluxa.it/netiquette/
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Emily Postnews di Brad Templeton: http://www.templetons.com/brad/emily.html
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Emily Postnews nella traduzione di Carlo Maria Chierotti: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/9704/galareteo.html
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No netiquette, un punto di vista alternativo: http://members.xoom.virgilio.it/nonet/index1.htm